Non?native fish facilitate non?native snails and alter food web structure in experimental pond communities
نویسندگان
چکیده
Contemporary ecosystems commonly support multiple non-native species, which can alter community structure and directly or indirectly interact with one another. Novel interactions between invasive species result in the facilitation suppression of both invaders, making it important to understand underlying mechanisms that affect invasion outcomes. Goldfish Carassius auratus Chinese mystery snails Cipangopaludina chinensis have been introduced widely through aquarium trade co-occur their ranges. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment assess separate combined effects goldfish on urban pond investigate whether affected another positively, neutrally negatively. predicted distinct trophic levels each anti-predator traits would lead positive invaders synergistic aquatic community. increased turbidity decreased filamentous algae, zooplankton, juvenile native survival amphibians via consumptive effects. periphyton, phytoplankton body size surviving green frogs Lithobates clamitans cascades and/or release from competition. Mystery had more subtle including reducing growth rates grey tree Hyla versicolor, likely competitive interactions. With present, showed reproductive success (higher biomass juveniles), due indirect other herbivores. In contrast snails, did not consume unique (e.g. large shell thickness). slightly reduced but survival. These results suggest unidirectional changes food web. Overall, our study found strong direct particularly goldfish, provides experimental for invasional meltdown hypothesis within waterbodies, are especially prone invasions. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Functional Ecology
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0269-8463', '1365-2435']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14274